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Free Program C# Net Socket Programming Pdf' title='Free Program C# Net Socket Programming Pdf' />Ruby programming language Wikipedia. Ruby. Paradigm. Multi paradigm Object oriented, imperative, functional, reflective. Designed by. Yukihiro Matsumoto. Developer. Yukihiro Matsumoto, et al. First appeared. 19. Free Program C# Net Socket Programming Pdf' title='Free Program C# Net Socket Programming Pdf' />Stable release. September 1. 4, 2. Typing discipline. Duck, dynamic, strong. Scope. Lexical, sometimes dynamic. Implementation language. COSCross platform. License. Ruby, GPLv. BSD license234Filename extensions. Websitewww. ruby lang. Major implementations. Ruby MRI, YARV, Rubinius, Mag. Lev, JRuby, Mac. Ruby, Ruby. Motion, Mruby. Influenced by. Ada,5C,5CLU,6Dylan,6Eiffel,5Lisp,6Lua, Perl,6Python,6Smalltalk6Influenced. Clojure, Coffee. Script, Crystal, D, Elixir, Falcon, Groovy, Ioke,7Julia,8Mirah, Nu,9 potion, Reia, Rust, Swift1. Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object oriented, general purpose programming language. It was designed and developed in the mid 1. Yukihiro Matz Matsumoto in Japan. According to its creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including functional, object oriented, and imperative. It also has a dynamic type system and automatic memory management. HistoryeditEarly concepteditRuby was conceived on February 2. In a 1. 99. 9 post to the ruby talk mailing list, Ruby author Yukihiro Matsumoto describes some of his early ideas about the language 1. I was talking with my colleague about the possibility of an object oriented scripting language. I knew Perl Perl. Perl. 5, but I didnt like it really, because it had the smell of a toy language it still has. The object oriented language seemed very promising. I knew Python then. But I didnt like it, because I didnt think it was a true object oriented language OO features appeared to be add on to the language. As a language maniac and OO fan for 1. I really wanted a genuine object oriented, easy to use scripting language. I looked for but couldnt find one. So I decided to make it. Matsumoto describes the design of Ruby as being like a simple Lisp language at its core, with an object system like that of Smalltalk, blocks inspired by higher order functions, and practical utility like that of Perl. The name RubyeditThe name Ruby originated during an online chat session between Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka on February 2. Initially two names were proposed Coral and Ruby. Matsumoto chose the latter in a later e mail to Ishitsuka. Matsumoto later noted a factor in choosing the name Ruby it was the birthstone of one of his colleagues. First publicationeditThe first public release of Ruby 0. Japanese domestic newsgroups on December 2. Subsequently, three more versions of Ruby were released in two days. The release coincided with the launch of the Japanese languageruby list mailing list, which was the first mailing list for the new language. Already present at this stage of development were many of the features familiar in later releases of Ruby, including object oriented design, classes with inheritance, mixins, iterators, closures, exception handling and garbage collection. Early releaseseditFollowing the release of Ruby 0. Ruby were released in the following years Ruby 1. December 2. 5, 1. Ruby 1. 2 December 1. Ruby 1. 4 August 1. Ruby 1. 6 September 2. In 1. 99. 7, the first article about Ruby was published on the Web. In the same year, Matsumoto was hired by netlab. Ruby as a full time developer. In 1. 99. 8, the Ruby Application Archive was launched by Matsumoto, along with a simple English language homepage for Ruby. In 1. 99. 9, the first English language mailing list ruby talk began, which signaled a growing interest in the language outside Japan. In this same year, Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka wrote the first book on Ruby, The Object oriented Scripting Language Ruby Ruby, which was published in Japan in October 1. It would be followed in the early 2. Ruby published in Japanese. By 2. 00. 0, Ruby was more popular than Python in Japan. In September 2. 00. English language book Programming Ruby was printed, which was later freely released to the public, further widening the adoption of Ruby amongst English speakers. In early 2. 00. 2, the English language ruby talk mailing list was receiving more messages than the Japanese language ruby list, demonstrating Rubys increasing popularity in the English speaking world. Ruby 1. 8editRuby 1. August 2. 00. 3, was stable for a long time, and was retired June 2. Although deprecated, there is still code based on it. Ruby 1. 8 is only partially compatible with Ruby 1. Ruby 1. 8 has been the subject of several industry standards. The language specifications for Ruby were developed by the Open Standards Promotion Center of the Information Technology Promotion Agency a Japanese government agency for submission to the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee JISC and then to the International Organization for Standardization ISO. It was accepted as a Japanese Industrial Standard JIS X 3. ISOIEC 3. 01. 70 in 2. Around 2. 00. 5, interest in the Ruby language surged in tandem with Ruby on Rails, a web framework written in Ruby. Rails is frequently credited with increasing awareness of Ruby. Ruby 1. 9editRuby 1. December 2. 00. 7. Effective with Ruby 1. October 3. 1, 2. 01. Ruby switched from being dual licensed under the Ruby License and the GPL to being dual licensed under the Ruby License and the two clause BSD license. Adoption of 1. 9 was slowed by changes from 1. Ruby 1. 9 introduces many significant changes over the 1. Examples block local variables variables that are local to the block in which they are declaredan additional lambda syntax f a,bputsabper string character encodings are supportednew socket API IPv. Ruby 1. 9 has been obsolete since February 2. Users are advised to upgrade to a more recent version. Ruby 2. 0editRuby 2. Moduleprepend, for extending a class,a new literal for creating an array of symbols,new API for the lazy evaluation of Enumerables, anda new convention of using toh to convert objects to Hashes. Ruby 2. 0 is intended to be fully backward compatible with Ruby 1. As of the official 2. February 2. 4, 2. It has been obsolete since February 2. Users are advised to upgrade to a more recent version. Ruby 2. 1editRuby 2. Christmas Day in 2. The release includes speed ups, bugfixes, and library updates. Starting with 2. 1. Rubys versioning policy is more like semantic versioning. Although similar, Rubys versioning policy is not compatible with semantic versioning Ruby. Semantic versioning. MAJOR Increased when incompatible change which cant be released in MINOR. Reserved for special events. MAJOR Increased when you make incompatible API changes. MINOR increased every Christmas, may be API incompatible. Grey S Anatomy Torrent Fr Saison 1 Barbie. MINOR increased when you add functionality in a backwards compatible manner. TEENY security or bug fix which maintains API compatibility. May be increased more than 1. PATCH increased when you make backwards compatible bug fixes. PATCH number of commits since last MINOR release will be reset at 0 when releasing MINOR. Semantic versioning also provides additional labels for pre release and build metadata are available as extensions to the MAJOR. MINOR. PATCH format, not available at Ruby. Ruby 2. 1 has been obsolete since April 1, 2. Users are advised to upgrade to a more recent version. Ruby 2. 2editRuby 2. Christmas Day in 2.